Dr. Elena I. Zavala

Paleo and Forensic Geneticist

Research



Reconstructing Human Evolutionary History

Exploring human evolutionary history was previously limited to the rare discovery of skeletal remains, however sediment DNA has provided an additional tool for tracking ancient humans across time and space. In addition, sediment DNA contains DNA from many taxa allowing us to also identify changes in faunal composition. I am interested in combining DNA from skeletal remains and sediments to increase our understanding of past human populations, the tools and artefacts they created,  and their environments. 
Summary of occupational history of Denisova Cave (Zavala et al., 2021; figure credit: Zenobia Jacobs)
MtDNA coverage from historical remains with updated methods (Zavala et al., 2022a)
Improving Success Rates for Historical Human Identifications

Human identification (HID) casework typically encompasses identifications  from historical contexts, natural and manmade disasters, past and current conflicts, and cold cases. Often the DNA recovered from these remains is highly degraded and not subtable for conventional forensic DNA typing methods. I am interested in testing and developing new methods to improve success rates with these challenging samples. This work includes quantifying the accuracy of different computational methods for identifying individuals when using low quality DNA.  
Method Development for Degraded DNA Analyses

Ancient DNA and HID casework both work with degraded DNA. To expand the types of questions that we can answer in both disciplines I am interested in improving computational and laboratory methods for working with this challenging substrate. This includes developing methods that lower costs, quantify potential contamination, and provide benchmarks for informed decision making and interpretation of different analyses.
A simplified workflow for forensic and ancient genetic analyses (Childebayeva and Zavala, 2023)
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